Shaving device



Nov. 23,. 1943. e. DALKOWITZ SHAVING DEVICE Filed May 18, 1958 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR DAM/(014072 WWW ATTORNEYS GODFREY Patented Nov. 23, 1943 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE SHAVING DEVICE Godfrey Dalkowitz, Brooklyn, N. Y., assignor to American Safety Razor Corporation, Brooklyn, N. Y., a corporation of Virginia Application May 18, 1938, Serial No. 208,543

16 Claims.

vision of a construction for a dryshaver that is compact, economical, and effective.

Among the more particular objects of my invention may be mentioned the provision in a dry shaver of interacting cutting edges positioned transversely to the direction of movement of the shaver when in a normal use; the provision in a dry shaver of movable interacting cutting edges disposed transversely to the normal direction of motion of the shaver as a whole, as it is moved over the surface to be shaved, and having a movement transverse to the cutting edges themselves and also to the direction of motion of the shaver; the provision in a dry shaver of two relatively movable cutting edges disposed transversely to the normal motion of the shaver and having a relative movement that is the resultant of a movement in the direction of motion of the shaver and of a movement transverse thereto; the provision in a dr shaver of cutting edges disposed in spaced relation and adapted to cooperate in a cutting action with a cutting edge parallel to said set and all of the cutting edges being disposed transversely to the normal direction of movement of the shaver; the provision in a dryshaver of mechanism for causing a relative movement between a pair of cutting edges whereby they will assume positions in a plane in which they are always parallel to each other; the provision in a dry shaver of mechanism for causing relative orbital movement in a plane of a pair of cutting edges; and the provision in a dry shaver of mechanism for relatively moving a, pair of cutting edges disposed transversely to the direction of motion of the shaver so that they are always parallel to each other.

These objects and such other objects as will hereinafter appear or be pointed out are attained in the illustrative embodiments of my invention shown in the drawings, in which:

Figure l is a front elevational view of one embodiment of my invention;

Figure 2 is a plan view thereof;

Figure 3 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional view thereof;

view substantially on the line, 44 of Figure 1 looking in the direction of the arrows;

Figure 5. is a plan view thereof with the upper cutter and its mounting removed;

Figure 6 is an exploded view in perspective of the upper cutter and its mounting;

Figure 7 is a bottom plan view of the upper cutter;

Figure 8 is a longitudinal sectional view of another embodiment of my invention; and

Figure 9 is, a transverse sectional view substantially on the line 9-9 of Figure 8 looking in the direction of the arrows.

In Figures 1 to '7, inclusive, I have shown a dry shaver head comprising a body portion 20. adapted for mounting on the handle portion of a conventional dry shaver such as is indicated in the drawings by the letter H. Mounted for movement in said body portion, as will hereinafter be described in detail, are a pair of cutters, each movable in a direction transverse to the direction of movement of the other one. By way of example I have shown the shaver head as of elongated form and the parts are so arranged that the shaver head will be moved in a direction transverse to its length during the process of shaving. The upper cutter or shear plate, indicated at 22, is shown as adapted for movement transverse to the shaving head and the lower cutter, indicated by the numeral 24, isshown mounted for movement longitudinally of the shaver head. The cutter 22 is also mounted so that it can move up or down and is shown as provided with longitudinally extending cutting edges 26 and 28 on opposite sides thereof, while the cutter 24 is provided with two sets of cutting edges, the edges of each set being in alignment but spaced from each other, and each set being adapted to coact with one of the cutting edges 26 and 28 of the movable cutter.

The details of the construction of the movable cutter 24 can best be seen in Figures 1, 3, 4, and 5, and it will be observed that it is shown as of gene erally rectangular shape and provided with a transverse groove 30 adapted to slidably receive therein an eccentric pin 32, and also as provided with a longitudinally extending groove 34 adapted to be engaged by the walls of a plurality of simi lar intergeared rollers 36 and 31 that are power driven from any suitable source of power, such as the conventional electric motor housed within the handle H. Power from such a source may be transmitted through a shaft 38 shown as carrying a gear 40 and the roller 31 thereon, the latter Figure 4 is a fragmentary transverse sectional being provided with the aforementioned crank torregister with its adjacent outer row.

pin 32, and the gear 40 is shown as intermesh- On each end thereof the cutter 24 is provided 1 with a slot 46 to enable the passage therethrough of one of the aforementioned..crank pins 44, as clearly appears from Figures 3 and 5, and'these crank pins extend into a groove formed on the bottom of the cutter 22 by a pair of parallel ribs 48 (see Figures 3 and 7).

The cutter 22 is shown as mounted fortransverse movement within a pair of brackets 58 each provided with a groove 52 adapted for thereception of an end portion 54 of the cutter 22. The portions 54 may constitute extensions of strengthening ribs 55 formed on the ends of the cutter 22 for purposes of reinforcement.

The brackets 50 are provided with extensions 10 that fit into recesses 12 of the body portion 20, which are bounded on their outer sides by plates'53, so that'they may slide vertically up or down but are held against lateral movement. It will therefore be understood that the cutter 22 can move transversely of the shaver head, such transverse movement being effected by the aforementioned crank pin and that it can also move vertically in relation to the cutter 24, this latter movement, as will appear hereinafter, being necessary in order to maintain the cutters 2'2 and 24 in the proper operative relation.

.Carried by the upper surface of the cutter 24 are shown two outer rows of lugs 56 and 58 the lugs of each row being spaced from each other, and, they are provided at the meeting of their top and inner walls with cutting edges, those on the lugs 56 being numbered 60 and those on the lugs 58 being numbered 62. To the inside of each of therows of lugs 56 and 58 is a secondrow of lugs numbered respectively 64and 66, spaced so as The function of the lugs 64 and 66 is to engage the lower surface of the cutter 22 so as to hold it in such relation to the cutter 24 that the cutting edges 60 and 62 on the latter will slide over the respective cutting edges 26 and 280i the cutter 22 in such close sliding engagement that a cutting or clipping action will result. At the same time head-on engagement of the respective cutting edges'will be prevented.

The sliding contact between the cutter 22 and the lugs 56 and 58 of the cutter 24, is made possible by its mounting in the brackets 58 that has already been described. In order to effect the sliding contact I have shown means for drawing the brackets 56 downward, the effect f which is to draw the cutter 22 into contact withthe'l'ugs 56 and 5B of the cutter 24. Such means is shown by way of example in the form of screws "I4 carried by the brackets 50 and the screws 16 carried the body 20 of the shaver head, to which are by connected the ends of coil springs 18, tensioned so as to draw the screws 15 toward the screws 16.

As a result of the crank and slot actuation of the cutters 22 and 24 the movement of each is a simple one, and their relative movement is one:

resulting from a compounding of two simple mo tions at right angles to each other.

It will be observed that the character of the cut effected by the meeting edges depends upon their position in relation to the cycle of the rotating cranks. For instance if the edges 26 and 62 meet when the cranks 32 and 44 are aligned in their medialposition, such as is shown in Fig- -ure 5, the cut will be a direct cut in which the edges move directly toward each other. If, on

1 the other hand, the cutting edges meet while the cranks are in a position at right angles to that shown in Figure 5 the cutting edge 26 will be stationary while the cutting edges 62 will be moving parallel to the edge 26 at their maximum peed, S0 that he cut will be purely a slicing one. Intermediate these extreme positions, the cut will be a combination of a direct and a slicing out.

As clearly appears from Figures 4 and 5, with a proportioning and a positioning of the parts as shown, the cut will be a direct out without slicing.

It will now be clear that during the operation of the shaving device as itadvances over the surface to be shaved, for example with the lugs 58on the forward side, the hairs will enter between the lugs 58, and as the shaver advances the hairs will enter the space between the cutting edges 62 and the cutting edges 26. In the meantime however the lugs 58 have moved sideways so that the hairs are positioned between the cutting edges 62 of the lugs 58 and the edge 26, and will be clipped thereby as the operation continues. Without such lateral motion of the lugs 58 it would be possible for hairs to enter the space between the lugs 58 and to pass straight back against the cutting edges 26, but they would not be subjected to the scissors like interaction of the cutting edges 62 and the cutting edges 26, and so that the effect mightbe a merebending over of the hairs by the cutting edges 26 and their passing under the cutter 22 without being clipped.

The actionthat has been described in connection with lugs 58 applies equally of course to the lugs 56 carrying the cutting edges and operating in conjunction with the cutting edge 28 of the cutter 22. However, a difference in the construction of the lugs 58 and 56 will now be pointed out. By referring particularly to Figure 1 it will be observed that the lugs 58 extend not merely upwardly from the cutter 24 but extend along its forward face, and the slots betweensaid lugs also extend down along the forward face of the cutte The result of this construction is that the slots described afford discharge passages through-which. the shaving waste may readily escape to the outside of the shaver. Since the lugs 56 and-the slots between them do not extend below the top surfaces of the cutter 24, the shaving waste cannot escape so readily. However, for certain purposes this construction may be found preferable.- Obviously, if desired, both rows of lugs 56 and 58 may be made identical; they have been shown as different in type merely to illustrate the many possible variations. V

In the embodiment of Figures 8 and-.9the inter-' action of the cutting edges as just'clescrlbed is.

is held fixed. against movement in a vertical direction.

In Figures 8 and 9 I02 denotes the upper cutter, slidably mounted in grooves in the blocks I04 secured to the body I06 of the shaver, which is shown as mounted in a handle K. The cutter I02, may be of the form already described in connection with the first embodiment and needs no further description, and the same may be said of the lower cutter I24. As before the cutter I02 is moved transversely and the cutter I24 longitudinally, and the driving means of these respective cutters includes as before a set of intergeared rollers I I38 actuated from a drive shaft I I B and carrying respectively crank pins H2 to cause transverse movement of the'upper cutter I02 by its engagement between the ribs H3 thereof, and a crank pin II to cause longitudinal movement of the lower cutter I24. The rollers I03 function as guides for the cutter I24 for which purpose they engage the side walls of the longitudinally running groove I34 therein.

In order to maintain contact of th cutters I24 and H32 I have shown a set of spring pressed plungers H6 mounted in the body I of the shaver, and, by Way of example, I have shown these as four in number and disposed beneath the four corners of the cutter I24, whereby the pressure is effectively distributed.

While I have herein disclosed several illustrative embodiments of my invention, it will be understood that my invention may be embodied in many other forms, as will be obvious to those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit thereof, and that the disclosure herein is by way of illustration merely, and is not to be interpreted in a limiting sense, and that I do not limit myself other than as called for by the prior art and the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention and illustrated its use, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. A shaving device having a head, a shear plate mounted therein for movement in a straight line, a cutter provided with a plurality of cutting teeth adapted to cooperate with said shear plat to effect a clipping action, said cutter being mounted in said head for movement in a straight line at an angle to the line of movement of said shear plate, and means for moving said shear plate and said cutter.

2. In a shaving device, a head, a plurality of interconnected gears mounted in said head, crank pins carried by each of said gears, a cutter mounted for longitudinal movement within said head and having a groove therein adapted to receive one of said crank pins, and a shear plate mounted for transverse movement within said head and having a slot therein transverse to the slot of the cutter and adapted to receive others of said crank pins, said shear plate also being mounted for movement toward and away from the cutter, and resilient means for pressing said shear plate against said cutter.

3. In a shaving device, a head, a plurality of interconnected gears mounted in said head, crank pins carried by each of said gears, a cutter mounted for longitudinal movement within said head and having a groove therein adapted to receive one of said crank pins and a shear plate mounted for transverse movement within said head and having a slot therein transverse to the slot of the cutter and adapted to receive others of said crank pins, said shear plate also being mounted for movement toward and away from the cutter, and

means for securing contact of said shear plate and said cutter.

LA shaving head, a cutter mounted on said shaving head for longitudinal sliding movement, a transverse groove in said cutter and a crank pin movable in a circular path and fitting into said transverse groove so as to move said cutter longitudinally and a shear plate provided with a cutting edge adapted to cooperate with said outter in a shearing action, a mounting for said shear plate whereby it is adapted for sliding movement transversely to the movement of said cutter, and means to move said shear plate.

5. In a shaver, a cutter mounted for longitudinal movement therein and provided with a transverse groove and a shear plate mounted for transverse movement in said cutter and provided with a longitudinally extending groove, a crank pin movable in a circular path and projecting into the transverse groove of the cutter, at least one crank pin movable in a circular path in a direction opposed to that of the first mentioned crank pin engaging the groove of said shear plate, and means for actuating said crank pins so that they move at the same rate of rotation.

6. In a shaver, a cutter mounted for longitudinal movement therein and provided with a transverse groove and a shear plate mounted for transverse movement in said cutter and provided With a longitudinally extending groove, a crank pin movable in a circular path and projecting intothe transverse groove of the cutter, at least one crank pin movable in a circular path in a direction opposed to that of the first mentioned crank pin engaging the groove of said shear plate, said crank pins having the same throw, and means. for actuating said crank pins so that they move at the same rate of rotation.

'7. In a shaving device, a shaving head, a plurality of interconnected gears mounted in said head, crank pins carried by each of said gears, a cutter mounted for longitudinal movement within said head and having a transverse groove therein adapted to receive one of said crank pins, said cutter being provided with a longitudinally extending cutting edge, and a shear plate mounted for transverse movement within said head and having a slot therein transverse to the slot of the cutter and adapted to receive others of said crank pins, said shear plate also being mounted for movement toward and away from the cutter, and resilient means for pressing said shear plate against said cutter, said shear plate being provided with at least one cutting edge parallel to the cutting edge in said cutter, and means for relatively moving said cutting edge in the shear plate across the cutting edge in the cutter.

8. In a shaver head, a frame, a cutter mounted for movement in said frame, a second cutter, said first cutter being provided with a flat under surface and having cutting edges at the sides thereof, and said second cutter being provided with upstanding lugs adapted to engage the said fiat under surface of the first cutter, and said second cutter being further provided with upstanding lugs having cutting edges adapted to cooperate with the cutting edges of said first cutter in a shearing action, means for maintaining said fiat under surface of the first cutter in contact with the first mentioned lugs of the second cutter, and means for moving said cutters in the frame and at an angle relatively to each other so that the cutting edges of said first cutter slide over the cutting edges on the lugs of the said second cutter.

9. In a shaver head, a frame, a cutter mounted for movement in said frame, a secondcutter, said first cutter being provided with a fiat under surface and having cutting edges at thesides therecf,and said second cutter being provided with upstanding lugs adapted to engage the said fiatunder surface of the first cutter, and said secondcutter being further provided with upstanding lugs having cutting edges adapted to cooperate with the cutting edges of said first cutter in a" shearing action, means for maintaining said fiat under surface of the first cutter in contact with the first mentioned lugs of the second cutter, and means for moving each of said cutters in the frame and at an angle relatively to each other so that the cutting edges of said first cutter slide over the cutting edges on the lugs of the said second cutter and said last named lugs being oifset laterally from the body of said second cutter so as to leave spaces therebetween through which waste can be discharged. a

10. In a shaving head, a shear plate, a mounting for said shear plate permitting it to slide rectilinearly, a cutter adapted to cooperate with said shear plate in a clipping action movably mounted within said head for sliding movement at an angle to the direction of movement of said shear plate, means for moving said shear plate, means for moving said cutter and means for pressing said shear plate and said cutter against each other.

11. A shaving device having a supporting frame, a pair of members each provided with a cutting edge, said cutting edges being adapted to coact in a clipping action and a mounting for each of said members carrying said cutting edges whereby each cutting edge is constrained to move rectilinearly in said frame in a path disposed at an angle to the path of the other cutting edge and means for moving said members so that said cutting edges move rectilinearly in said angularly disposed paths.

, 12. A shaving device comprising a frame, a pair of members, each provided with a cutting edge adapted to coact with the cutting edge of the other member in a clipping action, a mounting for said members whereby the respective cutting edges thereof are con trained to move rectilinearly in said frame in directions at an angle to each other and means for moving each of said members in accordance with the laws of simple harmonic motion.

13. A dry shaver having a frame, a pair of members each provided with a straight cutting edge, said cutting edges being adapted to coact in a clipping action, and amounting for said members so that the respective edges thereof are constrained to move in a single plane so that they are always parallel to each other and so that one moves in a straight line at right angles to itself and the other moves in a straight line parallel to itself and means for moving each of said members in said rame.

14. In a dry shaver a frame, a pair of members each provided with a cutting edge, said cutting edges being adapted to coact in a clipping action, a mounting for said members whereby said cutting edges are constrained to move in a single plane so that they are always parallel to each other and means for moving each or said members in said frame according to the laws of simple harmonic motion along a relative path that is the resultant of two simple harmonic motions along straight lines at right angles to each other.

15. In a dry shaver a frame, a pair of members each provided with a cutting edge, said cutting edges being adapted to coact in a clipping action, a mounting for said members whereby said cutting edges are constrained to move in a single plane so that they are always parallel to each other and means for moving each of said members in said frame according to the laws of simple harmonic motion along a relative path that is the resultant of two simple harmonic motions along straight lines at right angles to each other, one of said motions being in the direction of one of said edges.

16. In a shaving head, a frame, a pair of membears one being mounted for sliding movement in each end of said frame, a groove in each said member, a first cutter having each end thereof mounted for sliding movement in the groove of one of said members whereby said cutter'is slidable in said grooves in a direction transverse to the sliding movement of said members, a second cutter mounted for sliding movement in said frame in a direction transverse to the movement of said first cutter and in adjacency to said first cutter so as to cooperate therewith in a clipping action, and mean for pressing said cutters against each other so as to maintain their cooperative relationship. GODFREY DALKOWITZ. 

